## System details

- **CPU**: Intel Raptor Lake (13th Gen) — also affects Tiger Lake (11th Gen) and Alder Lake (12th Gen)
- **Sensor**: OmniVision OV02C10 (ACPI ID: OVTI02C1) — also likely affects OV01A10, OV08X40, HM11B1 and other IPU6 sensors
- **OS**: Arch Linux / Omarchy (latest)
- **Kernel**: 6.x with `ipu6-drivers` out-of-tree modules

## What's wrong?

Built-in MIPI camera on Intel IPU6 hardware is completely broken out of the box in Omarchy:

- Camera not visible in **Chromium** (Discord, Google Meet show "No camera found")
- Camera not visible in **Firefox/Zen Browser** without extra config
- **wireplumber crashes** (segfault in `libgallium`) on camera access attempts

## Root causes discovered (after extensive debugging)

### 1. Missing AUR packages

IPU6 cameras require packages not installed by Omarchy:

```
intel-ipu6-camera-hal-git   # Intel HAL (AUR)
libcamera-ipu6              # libcamera fork with IPU6 support (AUR)
libcamera-ipu6-ipa          # IPA algorithms (AUR)
gst-plugin-libcamera-ipu6   # GStreamer plugin (AUR)
pipewire-libcamera          # PipeWire ↔ libcamera bridge (extra)
```

### 2. Wrong pipeline selected

libcamera defaults to the broken `ipu6` HAL pipeline. Must force the `simple` pipeline (software ISP):

**`~/.config/systemd/user/wireplumber.service.d/20-egl-vendor.conf`:**
```ini
[Service]
Environment=LIBCAMERA_PIPELINES_MATCH_LIST=simple,uvcvideo
Environment=LIBCAMERA_SOFTISP_MODE=cpu
Environment=__EGL_VENDOR_LIBRARY_FILENAMES=/usr/share/glvnd/egl_vendor.d/50_mesa.json
```

Why each variable:
- `LIBCAMERA_PIPELINES_MATCH_LIST=simple,uvcvideo` — skips the broken ipu6 HAL, uses SoftwareISP
- `LIBCAMERA_SOFTISP_MODE=cpu` — **critical for Chromium**: GPU (EGL) debayering produces DMA-BUF with stride=2048 that Chromium's PipeWire buffer allocator rejects (stride mismatch vs expected 1920 → `EINVAL`). CPU debayering produces system memory DMA-BUF with correct compact stride.
- `__EGL_VENDOR_LIBRARY_FILENAMES` — forces Mesa EGL over NVIDIA EGL to prevent cross-device DMA-BUF crash in `libgallium` on NVIDIA+Intel hybrid systems.

### 3. Missing `video` group membership

User must be in the `video` group to open `/dev/dri/renderD128`:

```bash
sudo usermod -aG video $USER
```

Without this: wireplumber segfaults in `DebayerEGL::debayerGPU()` → `libgallium` crash when NVIDIA EGL tries to import Intel DMA-BUF across devices.

### 4. Chromium does not use PipeWire camera by default

Must add to `~/.config/chromium-flags.conf`:
```
--enable-features=...,WebRtcPipeWireCamera
--disable-gpu-sandbox
```

`WebRtcPipeWireCamera` enables the portal camera path. `--disable-gpu-sandbox` is needed for the portal flow to work correctly.

### 5. Firefox/Zen Browser needs explicit PipeWire camera pref

**`~/.config/zen/<profile>/user.js`** (or Firefox `user.js`):
```javascript
user_pref("media.webrtc.camera.allow-pipewire", true);
```

### 6. xdg-desktop-portal loses PipeWire connection on restart

After any wireplumber restart the portal shows `connection error`. Fix with a drop-in:

**`~/.config/systemd/user/xdg-desktop-portal.service.d/auto-restart.conf`:**
```ini
[Unit]
BindsTo=pipewire.service
After=pipewire.service
```

### 7. Missing sensor calibration file

libcamera falls back to `uncalibrated.yaml` without `/usr/share/libcamera/ipa/simple/ov02c10.yaml`. A minimal file based on the ov01a10 (same OmniVision family) helps:

```bash
sudo tee /usr/share/libcamera/ipa/simple/ov02c10.yaml << 'EOF'
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
%YAML 1.1
---
version: 1
algorithms:
  - BlackLevel:
      black: 16
  - Awb:
  - Adjust:
  - Agc:
...
EOF
```

## Current state after all fixes

✅ Camera visible and working in Chromium (Discord, Google Meet)  
✅ Camera visible and working in Zen Browser / Firefox  
✅ No more wireplumber crashes  
⚠️ **Image quality is poor** — see below

## Known remaining limitation: image quality

The OV02C10 sensor has **no upstream calibration data** in libcamera ([intel/ipu6-drivers#431](https://github.com/intel/ipu6-drivers/issues/431)). The software ISP runs without tuned CCM, AWB convergence is unreliable in low light (hardcoded 4.0× max gain causes strong color casts). This is an upstream libcamera limitation that cannot be fixed in Omarchy config.

## Help wanted

Looking for others with IPU6 hardware who have:
1. Found better `ov02c10.yaml` / CCM tuning values
2. Tested on other IPU6 sensors (OV01A10, OV08X40, HM11B1)
3. Ideas for packaging these fixes cleanly in Omarchy (install script, migration)
4. Experience with the hardware ISP path (`intel-ipu6-camera-hal-git`) that could give better image quality

Check if affected: `grep -r "OVTI\|INTC\|HM11" /sys/bus/acpi/devices/*/hid 2>/dev/null`